A Short Story - 824 Words

She blinked, slowly waking up. The faint breeze flowing through immediately shook her – the windows were always, without a fault, locked tight at night. As quietly as possible, Vivienne tried to reach under the pillow for the dagger always hidden there, but touched only the smooth satin pillowcase. She froze at a sound, mindful there was someone else in the room. â€Å"Looking for this?† The disembodied voice came from the corner next to the closet. Vivienne could make out the intruder’s shape, and tried to hush the beating of her heart, hiding the fear and racing pulse. She sat up in bed, keeping the covers wrapped tight, and turned to the voice. A glint of metal shone in the dim moonlight, the same one she had religiously kept around a†¦show more content†¦The young woman knew if she passed out, the situation would get out of control. She tried to push the sensation away, but only resulted in making it stronger, whilst the intruder continued his approach. Vivienne grasped at straws of reality in a last effort. Close to the bed now, the man went to grab the covers. Vivienne jumped to her feet, already losing grip on the clamoring reality. The intruder managed to grab her wrist, tugging on it. He breathed on her neck, emanating a foul odour, and she spun around. With a force Vivienne did not recognize possessing, let alone a move she had never learnt, she struck. When the closed fist connected with his jaw, Vivienne fell, the floor and darkness beckoning. The last thing she noted before giving in to the blackout, was a luminous bolt shooting towards the intruder... but emerging from her hands. Vivienne Du Lac, Viv for all her friends, considered herself a wild twenty five year old, with a mean streak for speaking her mind, and a gift with animals. Though not Snow White by any designation – the jet black hair and rosy lips had often times gotten her the comparison – the small creatures had always connected with her. Unfortunately, it was a gift the young woman learned to keep under wraps, realizing it set her apart from everyone else. Another thing differentiating her from fellow humans was what Vivienne called a uniqueShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

The Art of Sculpture Essay - 1825 Words

The Art of Sculpture Long before man could record history, people were sculpting free standing figures out of bones rocks and other objects. It is said that sculpting is the art of the people, and it is a more powerful art than literature and painting because it can be touched and felt. When a sculpture is in a gallery our attention is sustained by an intensified visual engagement. This is what makes its fixed shape come alive in the viewer’s eyes. Before the 20th century, sculpture was considered a representational art; but its scope has now been extended to include nonrepresentational forms. Sculpting has evolved over many years and it has long been accepted that the forms of functional three – dimensional objects such as†¦show more content†¦Although it created everyday necessities, clay eventually grew as a form of art because its abundance and ease of expression. Metal sculpture can be created by a combination of many methods. Sculpture can be created by cutting metals with shears and snips, by firing and hammering metals, or by joining metals with sheet metal screws, rivets and soldering. Wax sculpture is an art form that dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Greece. History documents that wax figures were sculpted for religious ceremonies. This was also a costly endeavour and therefore the practice was reserved for royal and religious hierarchies. Finally sculpture in ivory was used by the Greeks in combination with gold for monumental works. In the Middle Ages and in modern times ivory is often used for works of small proportions and it is particularly suitable for delicate and pathetic subjects. Linking the art of Sculpture to Leadership â€Å"An artist chisels away at the stone, piece by piece until they find the figure they seek. Leadership is like a sculpture. That is, it’s a creative expression of who we are after all the stuff has been chipped away.†-Unknown Not one person was born a great leader; as history and society can prove one must develop and evolve into a leader. To become respected and excel as a leader there is a sculpting stage in one’s life whichShow MoreRelatedGothic Sculpture And Gothic Art1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gothic Sculpture had not been only a design of art but an exceptionally influential period formulated with its own intricate history. The word is utilized to spell it out buildings and items whose varieties are based after a variety of characteristics from the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Gothic style was a development of the Romanesque yet it was Renaissance humanists who first used it as a disparaging term to spell it out what they noticed as the barbaric structures. With Gothic sculptureRead MoreExample Of Pop Art Sculpture788 Words   |  4 PagesPop Art Sculpture As you may know Pop Art was a popular art movement. You probably know it mainly for different types of photographs in a way. Like Andy Warhol who has colorful portraits and different types of subjects. Like the red Elvis, Campbell’s soup can and many others. But you may have not really known that there is Pop Art Sculptures. I have seen a few around and of course I have seen pictures but I never really put it together that it was part of an art movement at the time. One reallyRead MoreAncient Egyptian Art And Sculpture1259 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different art styles around the world that developed in various ways. Ancient Egyptian art is around 5 thousand years old, and it is a major contributor to late Mesolithic Art. It arose and took place in the Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian art attained a high level in sculpture and painting, and was extremely stylized and symbolic. Most of the Egyptian sculptures that have been well-preserved were initially made for temples and/or tombs. All Egyptian art and sculpture was based on the beliefRead MoreThe Use Of Art, Sculptures And Architecture1559 Words   |  7 Pages The Use of Art, Sculptures and Architecture There is many variations of art nowadays, when one thinks of art they think about Michelangelo, Van Gogh, or Picasso. But, religion has a great influence on the art scene. Religions use art to emphasise their faith and its importance. Christianity art is solely based upon Jesus, his followers and saints. Throughout history Christian art has been connected to mainstream idea of art. However, there are several other religions that demonstrate their faithRead MoreThe Ecstasy Of Sculpture : A Comparison Of Art2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe Ecstasy of Sculpture: A Comparison of Sculpture in Italian Baroque Art Focus Question: To what extent was the Italian Baroque art, specifically Bernini, a support for the Catholic-Counter Reformation compared to The Neoclassical era, not even a century later? A comparison of Bernini’s â€Å"The Throne of Saint Peter† and â€Å"Ecstasy of Saint Teresa†; and Antonio Canova’s â€Å"Amor and Psyche†. Michael Thiessen IBN: 000874-0212 Friday, March 20, 2015 Word Count: 2000 IB Art History─Period 5 JamieRead MoreMen Sculptures From Ancient Art867 Words   |  4 PagesMen sculptures from Ancient Art The mini exhibition will center on ancient art found in the Rome and Greece, and will mainly focus on male sculptures from that area. History dates that the civilization of man began in the Rome hence their advancement of art is especially important as well. The rulers of the time appreciated the art built regardless of its structure. The artist was strict on the appearance and representation of the sculpture. Their attention to detail makes them unique and interestingRead MoreStatues and Sculpture: An Art Form that Depicts Human History1957 Words   |  8 PagesArt Stands Tall for Human Values In 2008 a group of archaeologist unearthed what could now be the world’s oldest statue. This larger than life statuette stands at whopping 2  ½ inches tall with an estimated carving date from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago from a mammoth tusk. The form of the statuette is that of female figure missing her head and feet with a primary focus on reproductive organs. Due to the pornographic nature of the statue archaeologist believe that the statue’s purpose and functionRead MoreArt History Paper: Transformation Between Sculpture and Early Classical Period1113 Words   |  5 PagesCasey Chiovaro December 3, 2012 Optional Paper Art History 109 Define the transformations that have taken place between the sculpture of the late archaic period and that of the early Classical period. Note how these imply a change in relationship of the viewer to the work of art. Throughout history, sculptures have developed significantly. The Western tradition of sculptures began in Ancient Greece along with Egypt and many other ancient civilizations around the world. Greece is widelyRead MorePart a730 Words   |  3 Pagesthe sculpture Pietà   by Michelangelo. As we have studied, Michelangelo’s Renaissance period returns to the Greeks for inspiration and ideas.    Using 200 – 250 words, answer the following questions. Don’t forget to defend your answer referencing the themes of the Hellenics and Hellenistics as discussed in this module. 1. Is Pietà   more of a Hellenic or Hellenistic sculpture or a conglomeration of both Greek periods? 2. Compare this sculpture to David. How are the two sculptures similarRead MoreMy Personal Field Trip At The Permanent Sculptures At Western Michigan University942 Words   |  4 Pagesto observe the permanent sculptures as well as the ones on tour. I really enjoyed looking at both but I personally felt that I enjoyed the permanent ones better and that is what I will write about in this paper. The permanent sculptures resemble students and faculty at Western Michigan University. In contrast, the sculptures on tour did not relate so much to the students or campus as much but they did relate to the state of Michigan. While I was observing the sculptures, I did have one favorite and

Naturalism Free Essays

Naturalism is a type of literature that â€Å"exposed the dark harshness of life . . . We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now were often very pessimistic and . . . blunt .† (Wikipedia).  Ã‚   Naturalistic writers do not moralize about the nature of human beings in their works, but view them with cold impartiality.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To them, nature is an indifferent force that adopts a hands-off policy vis-à  -vis human beings and the calamities that befall them.   Naturalistic works often depict an individual’s struggle to survive against the forces of nature.   At times, the conflict may be that of man against himself as he strives to maintain his humanity, to tame â€Å"the brute within† in the face of contending passions.     Ã‚  Characters in such works usually belong to the lower middle class or the lower classes.  Ã‚     (Campbell). Jack London’s The Law of Life depicts the indifference of nature to the impending death of an old man.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abandoned in the snow by his tribe,   nearly blind and lame, old Koskoosh lies beside a fire with only a handful of twigs to keep himself from freezing.   He is aware of his imminent end, but calmly accepts the fact that â€Å"all men must die†.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the few remaining hours of his life, he reflects on the never ending cycle of life and death, on how even the most vigorous animal would fall prey to old age and its predators.  Ã‚   In all this, he concluded that â€Å"nature did not care.  Ã‚   To life, she set one task, gave one law.   To perpetuate was the task of life, its law was death.† Koskoosh recalled how the Great Famine ravaged his tribe, against which they were all helpless.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Here, London brings into focus an indifferent nature, heedless of the wailings of the villagers until nearly all of them starved to death.  Ã‚   Koskoosh also remembered how the times of plenty awakened the blood lust in his people until they revived ancient quarrels and waged war on their enemies.  Ã‚   In this case, the â€Å"brute within†, another frequent theme of the naturalistic work, is awakened and unleashed. Occupying the old man’s thoughts in his final moments was his memory of a moose that fought off wolves until it was overpowered and fell on the bloody snow.  Ã‚  Ã‚   That recollection foreshadowed his own death: wolves were closing in on him as his fire dwindled.  Ã‚  Ã‚   But unlike the moose which fought to the very end, Koskoosh gave up when he realized the futility of it.   â€Å"What did it matter after all?† he asked.   â€Å"Was it not the law of life?† An indifferent, hostile nature pervades The Open Boat by Stephen Crane.   Four men, one of them injured, sat on a dingy after their ship went down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An angry surf separated them from the safety of the beach; they could not take the boat to shore lest she capsize.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Desperate and afraid, sleepless and hungry, the correspondent ponders the indifference of nature to their plight.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The men spend the night at the sea, alternately rowing and keeping the boat afloat. The appearance of vacationers on the beach waving gaily to the men in the boat thus giving them hopes of immediate rescue is probably Crane’s way of emphasizing the nonchalance of nature in the face of human suffering, made more bitter by the realization that no rescue was forthcoming after all.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cook’s â€Å"house of refuge†, deserted and lifeless, seemed to mock the men:   â€Å"There was the shore of the populous land, and it was bitter and bitter to them that from it came no sign.† (4). Crane focuses on the inner despair of the men as they wait and toil at the oars, aware that their tiny dingy might be swamped at the next wave, drowning them, or that they might be taken out to sea when the on-shore wind died.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the face of this uncertainty, Crane voices out, through the correspondent, the pathetic rebellion of the ordinary mortal who could not believe, and yet could not overcome, the indifference of nature to his plight: Was I brought here merely to have my nose dragged away as I was about to nibble the sacred cheese of life? It is preposterous. If this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the management of men`s fortunes.   .   . If she has decided to drown me, why did she not do it   in the beginning and save me all this trouble? . . . But, no, she cannot mean   to drown me. She dare not drown me. She cannot drown me. Not after all this work. . . Just you drown me, now, and then hear what I call you! (4). The correspondent in The Open Boat saw the â€Å"abominable injustice† of being drowned after so much hardship.  Ã‚   The idea of fairness and justice is deeply ingrained in him that he finds it would be â€Å"a crime most unnatural† .  Ã‚  Ã‚   He imagined nature’s indifference similar to his own and that of his school-fellows who during childhood were taught a poem about a soldier of the Legion who lay dying in Algiers: he did not care about him but now, faced with his own death, he felt sorry for the soldier of the Legion who lay dying in Algiers   (6). The tall wind-tower is also an apt symbol of nature’s indifference.  Ã‚   â€Å"This tower was a giant, standing with its back to the plight of the ants.  Ã‚   It represented . . . the serenity of nature amid the struggles of the individual. . . She did not seem cruel to him, nor beneficent, nor treacherous, nor wise.  Ã‚   But she was indifferent, flatly indifferent.† (7). The characters in The Open Boat are just â€Å"ordinary† persons but in their mortal peril each of them performed heroically in their battle against the sea: the wounded captain, vigilantly keeping watch, clinging with one hand to the keel of the dingy after it had swamped; Billie the oiler, masterfully steering the craft, dying before he reached the safety of the beach; the cook and the correspondent, fighting desperately against the churning surf. Like Koskoosh, the correspondent in The Open Boat considered death a proper release from one’s pains, the former from his futile struggle with the wolves, and the latter from his struggle with the waves.  Ã‚  Ã‚   He thought that â€Å"when one gets properly wearied, drowning must really be a comfortable arrangement, a cessation of hostilities accompanied by a large degree of relief, and he was glad of it . . .† (7). A Deal in Wheat by Frank Norris tells about the plight of Sam Lewiston and his wife and thousands of other wheat farmers who were driven to bankruptcy due to the trickery of wheat dealers who gambled with the prices of grain, oblivious of the untold suffering caused by their machinations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sam and his wife and the people who lined up at night at the bread line belonged to the lower classes of society: â€Å"workmen, long since out of work, forced into idleness by long-continued ‘hard times,’ by ill luck, by sickness.† The â€Å"interminable line of dark figures, close-pressed, soundless; a crowd, yet absolutely still . . .waiting in the vast deserted night-ridden street; waiting without a word .. . . under the slow-moving mists of rain†,   is as naturalistic as Crane’s and London’s stories set in a hostile sea and an abandoned camp in the snow: There was something ominous and gravely impressive in this interminable  line of dark figures, close-pressed, soundless; a crowd, yet absolutely  still; a close-packed, silent file, waiting, waiting in the vast  deserted night-ridden street; waiting without a word, without a  movement, there under the night and under the slow-moving mists of rain. From this line of hungry men there arose â€Å"a shudder of despair, an unformed, inarticulate sense of calamity† caused by the abrupt notice that the bread line was being discontinued owing to the increase in the price of grain.  Ã‚   This particular scene imparts to the reader Sam Lewiston’s and the crowd’s pathetic plight, their helplessness against the market forces that conspired to bring about their ruin.   Ã‚  The â€Å"white-aproned undercook† who posted the notice and disappeared within the bakery symbolizes an indifferent nature, perhaps an indifferent society, not caring whether or not the hundreds of people that have silently, patiently stood outside in the cold would go to bed hungry that night and for nights to come. These three stories represent the naturalistic genre: The Law of Life by Jack London showing the endless cycle of life and death as viewed in the last reflections of an old man, who resigns to accept his own violent death from hungry wolves; The Open Boat by Stephen Crane depicting the struggles of four men in a dingy to reach the safety of land; and A Deal in Wheat by Frank Norris, which brings into focus the grim silent suffering of people at a bread line.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In all these works the writers attempt to portray the lives of common persons as they grapple with the forces of nature and endure calamity caused by the manipulation of other human beings.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through these works, the writers drive home to our consciousness a world of harsh and cold reality: of ordinary human beings forced to contend with an uncaring, indifferent nature, yet bringing to the fore something heroic and extra-ordinary within them. WORKS CITED Campbell, Donna M. â€Å"Naturalism in American Literature.† Literary Movements.      2 February 2007.   Accessed 2 March 2007. wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/natural.htm. Crane, Stephen.   â€Å"The Open Boat†. 2 March 2007. classicauthors.net/Crane/openboat.html London, Jack.   â€Å"The Law of Life†.   2 March 2007. London.sonoma.edu/Writings/ChildrenFrost/life.html Norris, Frank. â€Å"A Deal in Wheat†.   5 March 2007. Gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/8diwt10.txt   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Naturalism†.   20 February 2007.  Ã‚   Accessed 2 March 2007. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalism_%28literature%29 How to cite Naturalism, Essay examples Naturalism Free Essays Naturalism is a type of literature that â€Å"exposed the dark harshness of life . . . We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now were often very pessimistic and . . . blunt .† (Wikipedia).  Ã‚   Naturalistic writers do not moralize about the nature of human beings in their works, but view them with cold impartiality.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To them, nature is an indifferent force that adopts a hands-off policy vis-à  -vis human beings and the calamities that befall them.   Naturalistic works often depict an individual’s struggle to survive against the forces of nature.   At times, the conflict may be that of man against himself as he strives to maintain his humanity, to tame â€Å"the brute within† in the face of contending passions.     Ã‚  Characters in such works usually belong to the lower middle class or the lower classes.  Ã‚     (Campbell). Jack London’s The Law of Life depicts the indifference of nature to the impending death of an old man.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abandoned in the snow by his tribe,   nearly blind and lame, old Koskoosh lies beside a fire with only a handful of twigs to keep himself from freezing.   He is aware of his imminent end, but calmly accepts the fact that â€Å"all men must die†.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the few remaining hours of his life, he reflects on the never ending cycle of life and death, on how even the most vigorous animal would fall prey to old age and its predators.  Ã‚   In all this, he concluded that â€Å"nature did not care.  Ã‚   To life, she set one task, gave one law.   To perpetuate was the task of life, its law was death.† Koskoosh recalled how the Great Famine ravaged his tribe, against which they were all helpless.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Here, London brings into focus an indifferent nature, heedless of the wailings of the villagers until nearly all of them starved to death.  Ã‚   Koskoosh also remembered how the times of plenty awakened the blood lust in his people until they revived ancient quarrels and waged war on their enemies.  Ã‚   In this case, the â€Å"brute within†, another frequent theme of the naturalistic work, is awakened and unleashed. Occupying the old man’s thoughts in his final moments was his memory of a moose that fought off wolves until it was overpowered and fell on the bloody snow.  Ã‚  Ã‚   That recollection foreshadowed his own death: wolves were closing in on him as his fire dwindled.  Ã‚  Ã‚   But unlike the moose which fought to the very end, Koskoosh gave up when he realized the futility of it.   â€Å"What did it matter after all?† he asked.   â€Å"Was it not the law of life?† An indifferent, hostile nature pervades The Open Boat by Stephen Crane.   Four men, one of them injured, sat on a dingy after their ship went down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An angry surf separated them from the safety of the beach; they could not take the boat to shore lest she capsize. Desperate and afraid, sleepless and hungry, the correspondent ponders the indifference of nature to their plight.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The men spend the night at the sea, alternately rowing and keeping the boat afloat. The appearance of vacationers on the beach waving gaily to the men in the boat thus giving them hopes of immediate rescue is probably Crane’s way of emphasizing the nonchalance of nature in the face of human suffering, made more bitter by the realization that no rescue was forthcoming after all.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cook’s â€Å"house of refuge†, deserted and lifeless, seemed to mock the men:   â€Å"There was the shore of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the populous land, and it was bitter and bitter to them that from it came no sign.† (4). Crane focuses on the inner despair of the men as they wait and toil at the oars, aware that their tiny dingy might be swamped at the next wave, drowning them, or that they might be taken out to sea when the on-shore wind died.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the face of this uncertainty, Crane voices out, through the correspondent, the pathetic rebellion of the ordinary mortal who could not believe, and yet could not overcome, the indifference of nature to his plight: Was I brought here merely to have my nose dragged away as I was about to    nibble the sacred cheese of life? It is preposterous. If this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the management   of men`s fortunes.   .   . If she has decided to drown me, why did she not do it    in the beginning and save me all this trouble? . . . But, no, she cannot mean   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to drown me. She dare not drown me. She cannot drown me. Not after all    this work. . . Just you drown me, now, and then hear what I call you! (4). The correspondent in The Open Boat saw the â€Å"abominable injustice† of being drowned after so much hardship.  Ã‚   The idea of fairness and justice is deeply ingrained in him that he finds it would be â€Å"a crime most unnatural† .  Ã‚  Ã‚   He imagined nature’s indifference similar to his own and that of his school-fellows who during childhood were taught a poem about a soldier of the Legion who lay dying in Algiers: he did not care about him but now, faced with his own death, he felt sorry for the soldier of the Legion who lay dying in Algiers   (6).   The tall wind-tower is also an apt symbol of nature’s indifference.  Ã‚   â€Å"This tower was a giant, standing with its back to the plight of the ants.  Ã‚   It represented . . . the serenity of nature amid the struggles of the individual. . . She did not seem cruel to him, nor beneficent, nor treacherous, nor wise.  Ã‚   But she was indifferent, flatly indifferent.† (7). The characters in The Open Boat are just â€Å"ordinary† persons but in their mortal peril each of them performed heroically in their battle against the sea: the wounded captain, vigilantly keeping watch, clinging with one hand to the keel of the dingy after it had swamped; Billie the oiler, masterfully steering the craft, dying before he reached the safety of the beach; the cook and the correspondent, fighting desperately against the churning surf. Like Koskoosh, the correspondent in The Open Boat considered death a proper release from one’s pains, the former from his futile struggle with the wolves, and the latter from his struggle with the waves.  Ã‚  Ã‚   He thought that â€Å"when one gets properly wearied, drowning must really be a comfortable arrangement, a cessation of hostilities accompanied by a large degree of relief, and he was glad of it . . .† (7). A Deal in Wheat by Frank Norris tells about the plight of Sam Lewiston and his wife and thousands of other wheat farmers who were driven to bankruptcy due to the trickery of wheat dealers who gambled with the prices of grain, oblivious of the untold suffering caused by their machinations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sam and his wife and the people who lined up at night at the bread line belonged to the lower classes of society: â€Å"workmen, long since out of work, forced into idleness by long-continued ‘hard times,’ by ill luck, by sickness.† The â€Å"interminable line of dark figures, close-pressed, soundless; a crowd, yet absolutely still . . .waiting in the vast deserted night-ridden street; waiting without a word .. . . under the slow-moving mists of rain†,   is as naturalistic as Crane’s and London’s stories set in a hostile sea and an abandoned camp in the snow: There was something ominous and gravely impressive in this interminable line of dark figures, close-pressed, soundless; a crowd, yet absolutely still; a close-packed, silent file, waiting, waiting in the vast deserted night-ridden street; waiting without a word, without a movement, there under the night and under the slow-moving mists of rain. From this line of hungry men there arose â€Å"a shudder of despair, an unformed, inarticulate sense of calamity† caused by the abrupt notice that the bread line was being discontinued owing to the increase in the price of grain.  Ã‚   This particular scene imparts to the reader Sam Lewiston’s and the crowd’s pathetic plight, their helplessness against the market forces that conspired to bring about their ruin.   Ã‚  The â€Å"white-aproned undercook† who posted the notice and disappeared within the bakery symbolizes an indifferent nature, perhaps an indifferent society, not caring whether or not the hundreds of people that have silently, patiently stood outside in the cold would go to bed hungry that night and for nights to come. These three stories represent the naturalistic genre: The Law of Life by Jack London showing the endless cycle of life and death as viewed in the last reflections of an old man, who resigns to accept his own violent death from hungry wolves; The Open Boat by Stephen Crane depicting the struggles of four men in a dingy to reach the safety of land; and A Deal in Wheat by Frank Norris, which brings into focus the grim silent suffering of people at a bread line. In all these works the writers attempt to portray the lives of common persons as they grapple with the forces of nature and endure calamity caused by the manipulation of other human beings.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through these works, the writers drive home to our consciousness a world of harsh and cold reality: of ordinary human beings forced to contend with an uncaring, indifferent nature, yet bringing to the fore something heroic and extra-ordinary within them. WORKS CITED Campbell, Donna M. â€Å"Naturalism in American Literature.† Literary Movements.   2 February 2007.   Accessed 2 March 2007. wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/natural.htm. Crane, Stephen.   â€Å"The Open Boat†. 2 March 2007.   classicauthors.net/Crane/openboat.html   London, Jack.   â€Å"The Law of Life†.   2 March 2007.   London.sonoma.edu/Writings/ChildrenFrost/life.html Norris, Frank. â€Å"A Deal in Wheat†.   5 March 2007. Gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/8diwt10.txt â€Å"Naturalism†.   20 February 2007.  Ã‚   Accessed 2 March 2007. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalism_%28literature%29 How to cite Naturalism, Essay examples

Risk and challenge free essay sample

Risk and challenge is important for a child and young person’s development. A child needs to be challenged in order to develop and promote in their development. A child or young person will need to learn from their mistakes. Making mistakes will help the child or young person learn the difference between what’s safe and what isn’t and what they should and shouldn’t do. As practitioners, our main concern is to keep children safe from harm however we need to encourage them to experience risk and challenges. If we try to remove all risks from children’s lives we could be risking restricting their learning experiences. Depending on a child’s age, will depend on their needs and abilities. For example, a baby will have different needs compared to a child who is in pre-school. A baby will not have limited ability, they won’t be able to walk, run etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk and challenge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page in the early stages. Until they learn to do this then there risk and challenge is limited. A child who is slightly older will have different needs and abilities. It is important not to over protect children and young people when making risk and challenge as this is a stepping stone in their development a certain level of risky experiences will help them to develop confidence. Children need to learn how to control risk themselves; by learning what is a safe boundary are with the help of adult, and showing the children how to recognise the risk and dangers in the safest way possible. 3. 2) it is important that children and young people are given opportunities to make their own decisions and choices. children need independence to give themselves a satisfied and pleased emotion when they have done something without being told to by an adult or done something to their best ability after being asked. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is an international human rights treaty that grants all children and young people complete set of rights. it is important that children have a environment to provide challenging tasks according to their different interests and ability levels. 3. 3) I have supported a child to assess their own safety and manage risks in my setting by supervising outside play after it had been raining. the slide/climbing frame had become wet and therefore hazards where formed. I assessed the situation and informed the children they could not play on it until I had dried it.  after drying it I informed the children that it may still be a bit wet so they was to be careful when climbing it and to hold onto the rails when climbing the stairs. In age appropriate language, I asked the child open-ended questions, to find out why they may hurt themselves. Doing this, both me and the child can work together to gain a better understanding of why they were to be cautious and what they can do to make it safer as well as the child learning from their mistakes and actions and the consequences that will have effect.

About Myself Essay 7 free essay sample

Some of the following content has been altered to maintain anonymity. MSU standards for intellectual honesty apply to scholarship application essays. Essays copied in whole or in part from these samples or any other applicant’s work will be rejected and may result in disciplinary action. Essay #1 Score: 4. 0 For as long as I can remember I’ve known what I wanted to do with my life. Science has always been a passion of mine, and medicine in particular has interested me for some time. Dedicating my life to improving the lives of others is very appealing to me. After Michigan State, I plan on advancing to medical school to become a physician. I believe this program will offer me valuable skills that cannot be taught in the classroom. Throughout high school and college thus far I have taken a rigorous curriculum and maintained a 4. 0 grade point average. During high school I was involved in a physician shadowing program called medical mentorship. We will write a custom essay sample on About Myself Essay 7 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, I volunteered at Sparrow Hospital this fall in patient transport. I am very familiar with and comfortable in clinical settings. I am responsible, focused, hard working and easy to get along with. I participated in a Freshman Study Abroad program this summer and thoroughly enjoyed it. Studying in a foreign country was an experience unlike any I’ve had. The classes were challenging and thought provoking. The city was breathtaking and I met many friends who I still keep in touch with. Although I plan on practicing medicine in the United States, I believe that studying the differences between the British health care system and that of the United States would benefit me a great deal in the future. It would be a valuable opportunity for me to shadow a British physician, and compare that experience to the clinical exposure I’ve had in the United States. By participating in this program I hope to eventually combine the best of both worlds into my medical education and eventual practice. I plan to learn valuable skills that will one day make me a better doctor. Essay #2 Score: 4. 0 My academic and professional goals are one as I apply to American Religious Studies Ph. D. programs. I want to study in Rome, home of the religious heart of Catholicism, to reexamine a tradition that shaped the imagination of my youth and continues to influence my approach to religious studies. I value the skills that studying in Rome would provide for looking to international religions for new ways of understanding religion in America. In graduate school I hope to study under Dr. [name withheld], who researches Catholic mysticism at [name withheld]. My experiences near the Vatican will persist beyond next summer to influence my research on American Catholicism under [name withheld]’s mentorship. I am seeking an undergraduate capstone experience. Before freshman year at MSU I spent thirteen months as a Congress-Bundestag ambassador in the German cities of Flensburg and Heidelberg, which included extensive travel to France, Switzerland, Austria, and Denmark. From this rich period of personal growth I acquired fluency in German, an identity as a global citizen, and the skills to independently navigate life in a foreign culture. It seems appropriate to support my next leap in life with an abroad experience that will reveal the directions in which I have grown since my exchange year, as well as provide a unique context for exploring the limits of my education before beginning graduate studies. Strengths that I will bring to my abroad experience include exemplary leadership and social skills, refined through my service to Circle K International. Numerous leadership positions at its club, district, and international levels have trained me to unearth creative solutions to challenges, organize my experiences in the community for the purposes of both engagement and reflection, and socially navigate among diverse personalities and power differences. These traits will allow me to succeed in diverse situations while studying abroad. Essay #3 Score: 3. 875 A Summer in Spain College is a time for new and exciting experiences as well as a time to explore diverse and innovative ideas. What could be better than traveling to a foreign country to learn about their ideas, history, and culture? I believe study abroad is something that every college student should do to help avoid ethnocentrism, to expand their horizons, and to appreciate everything the world has to offer. I am particularly interested in the summer program offered in Santander, Spain. My grandmother came to the United States from Barcelona, Spain as a young adult to work and go to school. I have visited family in Barcelona several times and have had the opportunity to see some of the country on one family trip when we traveled from Barcelona down the eastern coast to the Rock of Gibraltar. Santander, however, is in a part of Spain that I have yet to explore. It is one thing to see a country while on vacation, but it is an entirely different experience to live there for an extended period of time. I do not think it is possible to become fluent in any language without living in that country. Even though I have some significant experience with the Spanish language, I believe that studying in Santander would deepen my understanding of not only the language, but of the culture, the people, and their history. My immigrant grandmother worked as a realtor, helping Spanish-speaking people navigate the complex process of finding and financing their first home in the United States. She inspired me to consider making the Spanish language and culture an important part of my career. I am majoring in finance with a specialization in international business/Spanish. Since the business college does not offer a program in Spain, and understanding the language and cultural aspects are crucial when doing business in any foreign country, I believe that this program would greatly benefit me in my career path. I feel very strongly that I will be able to relate my experiences in Santander to my academic and professional goals. Academically, it is very important to me that I continue studying Spanish. Going to Spain gives me the chance to learn in a native environment, and I do not think there is any better way to internalize a language and develop fluency. I have a very strong love for the Spanish language, people, and culture. A summer in Spain will allow me to bring together all of my past experiences and combine them with this new and exciting opportunity. ere is an undeniable advantage to living and studying in Spain; to be submersed in the Spanish way of life is the only way to fully understand and learn about how the country impacts and is impacted by the rest of the world. Not only will I learn about Spain, but I will also come to appreciate other countries in the world from a different point of view. I will be able to apply my new-found knowledge to my entire life and the way I look at the world around me. What could be more exciting than that?

Beowulf1 essays

Beowulf1 essays The society depicted in the poem Beowulf depended on two basic characteristics of its people. Loyalty and generosity are the two characteristics that bound this culture together. Throughout the poem, the people must depend on the loyalty and generosity of Beowulf and his warriors to defend them from evil. Society as described in Beowulf, was a very warlike society therefore, if Beowulf and his warriors were not giving of themselves in order to protect their people, the end result might have been drastically different. In the days of Beowulf the only reason for living was to be a loyal person, even if that meant death. If you were not a loyal person you basically had no reason to live because people would not even recognize you as a normal man. So it seems pretty obvious why most people during this time in society, were very loyal to their society and families. And in being a loyal person, also came giving of yourself. When the monster Grendel hears of the joy in Heorot and comes down to attack Beowulfs people the Danes, this is the first time we see loyalty When Beowulf hears of what Grendel did to the Heorot and the Danes, he gathers fifteen of his best men across the sea to help. Some critics argue that because of how Beowulf responds to situations such as this, he is full of pride and not loyalty. William Lawrence argues that since Beowulf is so quick to respond to a challenge and never backs down, that he is way to prideful. Lawrence writes that, although Beowulf is the hero of the poem, his eagerness to take a challenge is a symbol of his downfall, pride. However, Beowulf does what he says he will do and so therefore he has a right to brag to others. In this situation when he goes to fight with Grendel, Beowulf asks that he fight the monster alone. He knows that God will decide the outcome, so relying on that, he is loyal to his people by fight ...

Should Wal-Mart opens in Hong Kong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Wal-Mart opens in Hong Kong - Essay Example ing is conferred on the basis of points given on the â€Å"ease of doing business index† which means the regulatory environment is conducive to the operation of business. This index averages the countrys rankings in 10 significant areas of economic environment, which are again made up of a variety of indicators, and by giving equal weight to each subject Ever since the political power was handed over to Mainland China in 1997 by the British government, Hong Kong has functioned as an autonomous region with minimum control from the mainland. It has an independent government and although it had looked for guidance from China, it is fiercely independent in its Open Market policies. It is headed by a Chief Executive who is selected by the Chief Executive Election Committee comprising of 800 members. They are drawn equally by different sections of the society composed of the industrial, commercial and financial sectors; the various professions, labour, social services, religious and other similar sections; and finally by the members of the Legislative Council, the Peoples Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Conference. Laws are enacted by the Chief executive in consultation with the Legislative Council and that is a democratic set up duly elected by universal suffrage. The beaurocracy or the civil service maintains its neutrality as was the case during colonial times and is largely respected by the population and is effective in execution of its duties. There is no interference from China in the pursuit of Hong Kong’s liberal policies and pro-democratic governance. Hong Kong has been a world financial and Trade centre for several decades. It unique position was further strengthened by China retaining it as it main source of exports despite the changeover in its political nature. It remains a capitalistic economy with a free market system with low taxation and non-intervention by government in its commercial ventures. It has ranked 1st as the

Critical Thinking Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Thinking Question - Essay Example The modern societies particularly lay stress upon regular medical check-ups and professional medical counselling for the masses; however, the families sometimes develop their personal health goals, in the light of the experiences of senior family members, as well as according to the counselling they have obtained from the medical advisors in past. However, the most important step towards determination of family health goals is hiring the services of a qualified professional nurse, which can provide a comprehensive fitness scheme for the adequate healthcare of the family. Thus, acting upon the wise counselling and professional schemes of the nurses serves as the best way to maintain health and fitness of the entire family. Since nurses are the qualified medical attendants, their prudent guidance regarding diet and exercise, keep the family away from illness. Nursing is a highly significant profession, and the nurses pay their duties in a systematic manner to resolve the issues related to healthcare. They put aside their own comforts and forget about their individual needs for the cause of others; it is therefore family healthcare is a far cry without seeking help from the nurses. â€Å"Nursing is a demanding profession that requires dedication. Nursing is not a 9 to 5 job because sometimes, you may be assigned to work the graveyard shift or extend beyond 8 hours of work especially when there are a lot of patients to attend to.† (Quoted in lifeinfozone.com) Hence, role of the nurses is vital in keeping the society in proper working. Consequently, almost all American and European families have obtained their services for children, adults and elderly alike. â€Å"The purpose and the reason for the nurse’s contact with the family guides the initial information collected about pertinent areas of family functioning. Initial information shared by the family will help guide the nurse in determining what other data to collect.† (Lundy & Janes, 2009: 752) It is also a reality that some families regard the advices made by the nurses as undue interference in their personal life. They are of the view that since nurses are unaware of the family diseases and inherited illness, they are unable to provide a wise counselling. Hence, instead of curing the individuals, they may make the case more complicated and serious. They act upon the advice of their heart and start taking diet and exercises of their own choice. Not only this that they do not consult medical specialists regarding diet etc, but also they get involved into self medication policy, which serious damages their heart, stomach and kidneys even, turning them frail and flimsy. â€Å"There are many people who are facing a wide variety of stresses, discouragements, disappointments and other events and situations that take an emotional toll on their lives. Sadly, many people feel there isn’t much they can do to help themselves, their loved ones or their business associate s who are having a tough time. Or, they feel that medication is the only answer.† (evancarmichael.com) Hence, they become victim of the drug addiction. Consequently, regular medical check-ups by professionals is inevitable for the maintenance of life. One of the most initial steps taken towards the establishing of personal health goals is applying of regular medical c

Physics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Physics - Essay Example In this respect, Nuclei that are accelerated by the effect of the gradient tend to move faster than their precessional path as opposed to the case in which the phase encoding gradient is switched on. On the contrary, for nuclei that are slowed down, the reverse is true. It is the degree of the steepness in the phase encoding gradient slopethat detects the amount of phase shift between the two different points throughout the axis of the gradient. In essence, it implies that a steep gradient creates a large shift in the phase between these two points along the gradient axis. However, the shallow gradient create smaller shift between these two points (Kaut-Roth et al, 2005). Response to Question 2: This part deals with the Nyquist’s theorem. This is a theorem that is used for determining accurately the speed of digitizing frequency of the sine curve. For this to apply, the process of sampling the signal should always be equal or larger than double the signal frequency. When such happens, more points acquired results in better defined frequency. Dwell time is experessed mathematically as: Dwell time = 1/ (2?sweep width) (MRES7004, 2012). Dwell time = 1/(2?20,000) = 2.5 microseconds While acquisition time is, on the other hand, expressed mathematically as: Acquisition time = dwell time ?no. of data points Acquisition time = 0.64 miliseconds. Response to Question 3 This question is based on analyzing diagram of five lines have five processes. The 90 degrees RF pulse (excitation pulse) causes the longitudinal magnetization vector to move along the Z axis into the x-y plane (transverse plane). Due to the magnetic field inhomogeneity... Physics Frequency encoding gradient helps locate signals along the long axis of the part that is imaged.In the event that the slice is selected, the signal that originates from the slice should always be positioned on both axis of the image.In respect to this, the signal position along the axis of the gradient can be determined from its frequency. This is achieved through establishing a difference in the frequency either linearly fashion or through a shift in the signal along the gradient axis, in which case the frequency encoding gradient is turning on.In the course of acquiring the signal it is often the frequency encoding gradient that is turned on. This is explains why it is often referred to asa readout gradient. As has been established through research, the degree of the steepness of the frequency encoding gradient slope often determines the field of view of the anatomy that undergoes scanning and it is known to be the last period of spatially encoding the signal. For the case of the Phase encoding gradient in the diagram, the gradient is to be applied immediately prior to the application of the 180 degrees RF pulse. Whenever it is applied, the net magnetization phase (lose coherence) leading to signal reduction. The phase gradient is altered in every repetition time (TR), following the use of rephrasing gradients for filling different lines in the K space with data. Using the high phase encoding gradient causes a decrease in the signal intensity.

Soft Drink Industry: Competition and Structure

Soft Drink Industry: Competition and Structure This work aims to study the way the soft drink industry, a major part of the global beverage industry. The research will provide an introduction of the soft drink industry. Using Porters 5 Forces framework, the research seeks to map the structure of the industry. The research will further analyze the macro-environment of the industry using the PESTEL framework to identify changes in the industry. In addition, the research seeks to identify the structural drivers of change within the industry. The study undertaken intends to focus also on learning about the current stage of industry life cycle and what are the driving traits that make this industry worthwhile. From the above scenarios, the research will identify the most likely scenario for the future of the industry INTRODUCTION The Soft Drink Industry consists of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing non-alcoholic, carbonated beverages, mineral waters and concentrates and syrups for the manufacture of carbonated beverages. Principal activities and products: Aerated waters; Carbonated beverages; Mineral and spring waters; Soft drink concentrates and syrup; and Soft drink preparation carbonating. (Hrsdc, 2005) The soft-drink battleground has now turned toward new overseas markets. While once the United States, Australia, Japan, and Western Europe were the dominant soft-drink markets, the growth has slowed down dramatically, but they are still important markets for Coca-Cola and Pepsi. However, Eastern Europe, Mexico, China, Saudi Arabia, and India have become the new hot spots. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are forming joint bottling ventures in these nations and in other areas where they see growth potential. (Fargos, 2005) Soft drinks are the largest beverage market segment in the global market and are forecasted to reach approximately $550bn in 2013 (business insights, n.d). The key players in this industry are: Coca -Cola Company Pepsi Co Cadbury Nestle Porters Five Forces Bargaining Power of Buyers Different level of bargaining power exist among the group of buyers Vending machine no buyer bargaining power Fast food chain- more bargaining power Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers is weak. The ingredients are easily available and there are many suppliers, reducing companys switching cost. Many substitutes for sugar can be used like corn syrup ,sweetener. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes can be reduced by expanding the products such as non carbonated drinks like juice ,tea, coffee and plain water. Alcohol is a threat too esp. as these companies dont manufacture alcoholic beverage. But due to social, time and health constraints its moderated. Rivalry among Competing Firms one could characterize the soft drink market as a duopoly between Coke and Pepsi, resulting in positive economic profits. There is intense rivalry between coca-cola and Pepsi. there is no price differentiation and consumer has no brand loyalty. Threat of New Entrants It would be nearly impossible for a new bottler to enter the industry because of the tremendous market presence of Coke, Pepsi, and a few others .Soft drink industry require substantial capital investment, which would deter entry. Further existing bottlers had exclusive territories in which to distribute their products PESTEL ANALYSIS (P)olitical Factors Non-alcoholic beverages fall within the food category under the FDA. The government plays a role within the operation of manufacturing these products in terms of regulations. There are severe penalties set by the government on companies if they try to violate the laws. (Pbawa, n.d.) (E)conomic Factors There is a deep impact of Recession on Soft drink industry. If cost of raw material rises than production costs will increase. The companies are vulnerable to exchange rate fluctuations, resulting in a drop in profits through foreign currency earned versus production investment. (S)ocial Factors Many people are concerned about their healthier lifestyles. They are switching to bottled water and diet colas instead of beer and other alcoholic beverages. Consumers from the ages of 37 to 55 are also increasingly concerned with nutrition. They are becoming more concerned with increasing their longevity (T)echnological Factors The new technology of internet and television which use special effects make some products look attractive. This helps in selling of the products. Introduction of cans and plastic bottles have increased sales for Coca-Cola as these are easier to carry .As the new technology in packaging system rise the production higher. (E)nvironmental Factors Soft drink industry degrade the environment by transport and fuel wastage ,industries production and waste process. They are required to have more eco friendly products and practices now. While coca cola and pepsi both are emphasizing on recycling of cans. (L)egal Factors Legal restrictions are put in place so that companies products do not fool and harm the consumer. Companies are required to aware the consumer about negative health impact of soft drink and also mention the ingredients and warning on product. Structural Drivers of change Social/demographic The consumer has slowly become more health conscious. . Changing consumer demographics resulting in changing consumer tastes and increased demand for healthier products. There is a increased in competition from other non-alcoholic beverages, such as energy drinks and sports drinks. Packaging and distribution The majority of soft drinks are sold in aluminium cans and PET plastic bottles. They are also sold in bulk through soda fountains. Bottles, most of which comprise PET plastic, Only a very small portion of soft drinks are still packaged in glass bottles .Companies are trying to make packaging more eco friendly such as many companies have introduced re-sealable packs which can be resealed after drinking. The industry distributes its products through supermarkets and grocery stores, drug stores, convenience stores and gas outlets, mass merchandisers and warehouse outlets. The foodservice and hospitality industry, in particular fast food outlets, is another method of distribution. Vending machines also provide a distribution channel for these products. Now the companies can directly sell to the consumer, reducing their dependence on distributors, decreasing costs and increases direct contact with the consumers. (Hrsdc, 2005) Industry Life Cycle The soft drinks market is now in the matured stage of the life cycle. Growth in the industry has remained stagnant. It is natural for product to go in decline stage but coca cola and Pepsi Delay this decline by constantly developing the product or brand in order to extend the cycle. Coca Cola has maintained its leadership for several years. The reason behind is that it constantly developing its brand image and reinforcing the core product benefit of taste and refreshment to ensure that brand remain in maturity stage. . As in a mature industry, it is characterised by high competition, price wars and competitive advantage through economies of scale. As in their domestic market is saturated so many companies are now turned towards overseas markets. Another way to extend the product in a life cycle is to adapt it as consumer s needs change. For example when consumers attitude towards health and diet is changing than coca cola has introduced diet coke. Also these companies have aggressive and high advertising spends in order to maintain a reminder of their products in the minds of the consumers. (Irish Times, 2000) Future Scenario The soft drink industry can have 3 possible scenarios in its long term future which are as follows:- Health conscious Now days consumer are more concerned about their health. Consumers are also aware of the negative health impact of soft drinks (esp. carbonated), like lowering bone density, obesity etc. So consumers are looking to the healthier options. So may be the soft drink industry will decline or will be rooted out of the market. Due to the negative image of the soft drink industry ,there may be some restriction or limitation on supply just like hard drink industry. There may be age or quantity restriction like in alcohol or tobacco. This may lead to drop of sales for soft drink industry. Or it could carry on at the same rate as now with steady and predictable growths. There already is a growing demand for healthy juices, fruit drinks, cereals etc. thus the industries should continue product innovation and expansion of their product line. Diversification and Market share As saturation is taking place in soft drink industry , companies will start diversifying into new product categories and markets. Also, having a diverse product line will make the industry very stable, which is appealing to investors and creditors. Soft drink industry could diversify into many segment. .. So they should diversify according to the consumer needs. Kids segment will be another market that companies will directly begin to target because this is the market where soft drink industry get most of it sales. So there may be low calorie drinks that will do good for the kids and will be the trend in all households. Soft drink industry also diversify on alcoholic beverages. They will make the combination of little percent of alcohol with soft drink which is already popular to attract the hard drink customers. As alcohol is a substitute threat for soft drink this would minimize their risk. Another Possible future is, to expand their global market share. This is very important to sustain because it is the source of the majority of their profits. If they lose global market share, their profits will decline dramatically. So soft drink should take over the local drinks in different countries. Each country has its own local product based on traditional flavours and tastes. The soft drink companies could expand into this new market too. So soft drink industry should acquire local companies and manufacturing these drinks on a mass scale. Special drinks By continually introducing new products, soft drink industry will be able to increase their profits and allow the company to continue to grow. They should introduced special drinks to attract the customer . The global soft drinks market is estimated to reach a value of around $ 49.9 billion by the end of 2014. As with all functional soft drinks (FSDs), the original target segment who initially bought this concept 16 to 30 year olds are growing older and entering a different lifecycle that requires less energy stimulation. Maintaining interest in the sports drinks sector will be vital in order for steady growth to continue. Sports drinks glucose enhancing drinks and all others that specifically boost certain needs of the body Along with new and innovative flavours, which also require a level of familiarity and recognition is important for competing in the saturated soft drinks industry. Consumers also want to see that the product is naturally good for them . The more portions of fruit or vegetables a drink contains so that it tastes good over a normal soft drink Most Likely Scenario The most likely scenario will be the diversification and expansion for the future of the industry. As this industry is already in saturated stage so this scenario will be very helpful. There will be some stage when people get bored with the soft drinks. . Diversification and expansion will create more scope for innovation, profits and new market in these sectors individually by sharing of customers and resources and also enhance performance of the core industry. If the industry wants to keep moving and doesnt want to slipped in decline stage than industry have to adopt the diverse and expand strategy in other segments to keep profit going.

Criticism of Goldsmith’s, She Stoops to Conquer Essay -- She Stoops Co

Criticism of Goldsmith’s, She Stoops to Conquer In reading T.G.A. Nelson's critical essay "Stooping to Conquer in Goldsmith, Haywood and Wycherley" I have to say I that I was pretty scared. Drawing Freud to anything can really be scary according to almost anyone though, certainly in early criticism of "She Stoops to Conquer." As Bernard Harris says, "we should not discount unconscious forces in any comedy", but then he immediately drops the subject saying that "Goldsmith's main interest lies elsewhere."(325) The main focus of Nelson's essay seemed to be on the difficulty that certain men seemed to find "in achieving a satisfactory sexual relationship with a woman resembling the mother. "(319) This essay will look at what Nelson has to say about this Freudian ideology and bring to light my comments on the subject. Nelson begins by looking into some of Freud's essays and applying them to the characteristics describing the "Restoration rake. "(320) One example is how there is compulsive repetition in his relationships. Passionate attachments are formed again and again creating a long line of lovers. The preference for married women is also there, where another man claim the right of possession of her and yet the rake prefers her to one who is "disengaged. " Taking Goldsmith's play, Nelson uses it as the clearest example of Freud's theory. In his play, the character Marlow is very forthright in his dealings with those in a lower station, but with women of quality he becomes shy. Evidently, women of low social standing fail to qualify as 'modest women' for him and this fits closely into "Freud's description of the sufferer of selective impotence. "(322) Reading further it's found that the reason Marlow is so shy with those of hi... ... such an approach to a comedy traditionally, if tacitly, regarded as bland, inoffensive, and largely devoid of sexual content."(326) I applaud Nelson for the work and research he put into his essay; and I'm not saying that just because a play is a comedy, it can't have underlying feelings of repression or other factors involved in its creation. It's just on general principal then, having read Goldsmith's play and enjoyed it for itself while noting possibilities for his commenting on social/class order or the differences between city and country life, that I set aside Nelson's criticism of the play and leave it as it stands, untouched by Freudian ideology. Works Cited Goldsrnith, Oliver. She Stoops to Conquer. Dover Publications, NY: 1991 Nelson, T.G.A. "Stooping to Conquer in Goldsmith. Haywood. and Wycherley." Essays in Criticism. Oxford University Press.

The Electronic Cigarette

Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, have become increasingly popular in recent years. Regular cigarette smoking has been on the decline due to many factors including price, health risks, and the fact that most public places no longer allow indoor smoking; making it an inconvenience to step outside and light one up. The convenience, affordability, and health benefits are just a number of reasons the electronic cigarette is rising in popularity. A comparison between e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes show a number of similarities and differences. E-cigarettes offer the same amount of nicotine regular cigarettes do, thus satisfying a smokers nicotine craving that is attributed with cigarette smoking. E-cigarettes just about look, feel, and weigh about as much as a real cigarette, so puffing on one won't feel foreign to the seasoned smoker. Smoking regularly can get pretty expensive and buying the e-cigarette start up kit can be just as expensive too. As a smoker myself, I have noticed a number of differences between cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The taste of a regular cigarette to me is much more satisfying than that of an e-cigarette. E-cigarettes lack the authentic tobacco taste that cigarettes have and this leads to a less pleasing smoking experience. Cigarette smoke is full of harmful toxins, whereas e-cigarettes have about 1,000 times less toxins and there is no smoke, only water vapor. This leads to why most people who aren't ready to fully quit smoking, to start smoking e-cigarettes. Cigarette smoking is also very expensive, whereas e-cigarettes require quite a heavy initial investment at first, around $100 for the start up kit, they pay for themselves in the long run and end up saving you money over time.

How the Trucking Industry Can Help End Distracted Driving

How the Trucking Industry Can Help End Distracted Driving Distracted driving is an epidemic claiming far too many lives each year. One company, KRST (Keeping Roads Safe Technologies, Inc.) is ready to take that epidemic on, and is currently looking for partners within the trucking industry to help them fight it. The Halifax-based company proposes to monitor how, when, and why truckers use their mobile phones while driving. The company has designed two devices to be installed in any company vehicles that would collect and analyze this information. The first, CellAware, would give trucking companies precise data about their employees’ cell phone usage on the road. The second, KRSTI, would actually delay all calls and text messages on a driver’s phone until his or her vehicle’s engine had been turned off.The devices could also provide valuable information about mileage, fuel consumption, and location-tracking, as well as distance travelled without incident, all the while monitoring and reporting any attempted calls, texts, or tampering with the vehicle in motion.KRST plans to manufacture 5,000 of these devices and kick off the program- at no charge to the participating companies- in January 2016. Companies wanting to get involved should call +1 844-993-4357.

3 Alternative Trucking Careers to Consider

3 Alternative Trucking Careers to Consider Have a truck driving career, but feel like a change? Sick of the solitude of the long haul and all the heavy lifting? Don’t feel like sitting in a cab for quite so many hours each day, but don’t feel qualified for anything else? Don’t stress. There are actually plenty of alternative careers for qualified truckers out there. You just need to get yourself in the game. 1. DispatchWhile you’d still need some training, who better than a trucker who knows the ropes to work dispatching loads? You’re familiar with the lifestyle and the lingo, and the ins and outs of hauling. Check with your current employer first, for ease of 401k, IRA, and health insurance transfer, then branch out.2. LoadingIf you don’t mind the heavy work and a probable pay cut (dock workers often make less than an OTR driver), you could easily get a more stable 9-5 kind of job- even at your own company- on the loading dock. You’ll be home a whole lot more, and could have a regular schedule for once.3. ManagementYou’ve thought of being an owner-operator, but you’re starting to feel even more ambitious. Why not step into the big leagues? Get yourself some educational training in business administration (try vocational schools and two year associates programs, or even online enrichment programs, to get some certification). A bit of business education combined with your existing experience and skills would make you an asset in trucking company management. You could work for an existing company, or even make it your goal to run your own someday. Either way, you’ll be out of one driver’s seat and into another.

Human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human resources management - Essay Example It would be a mistake to assume that human resources alone can provide a source of competitive advantage, this theory only holds true when the following four conditions are met: Human Resource must add value to the firms production process Skills sought by the firm must be rare, A firm’s combined human resource investments cannot be imitated A firm’s human capital should not be replaceable by technology The need for effective Human Resource Management is evident in the case of Uni-Bank, which suffers from a multitude of Personnel related problems. The bank’s personnel problems can be solved by devising a carefully thought out Human Resource Strategy and implementing effective employee motivation, development and retention techniques. Human Resource Strategy It is of primary importance for firms to develop effective Human Resource Strategies as it will guide the way the firm develops and deploys deploy human, social, and organizational capital to enhance its compe titiveness. The goal of an effective Human Resource Strategy is to develop a workforce which is motivated, trained, adequately rewarded and performs towards pursuing a firm's objectives Past theorists (Snell, Youndt and Wright 1996) noted that in the past executives tried to â€Å"take human resources out of the strategy equation by substituting capital for labor where possible, and by developing organizational structures where there is a dividing line between those who think from those who do the work. As (Quinn ,1992) noted, â€Å"with rareexceptions, the economic and producing power of the firm lies more in its intellectual and service capabilities than in its hard assets; land, plant and equipment†. However, there is no one theory that fits all, every organization’s need differs and so does their required strategy. It is quite difficult to achieve a correct balance between motivating and employee, developing and rewarding them, as there is always a fear of employe e turnover. Firms should be careful not to over-invest in their employees, similarly, they should avoid under-investing in their employees as well, as this leads to poor motivational levels and in turn affects performance. UniBank, needs to reassess its human resource strategy, as it seems the current one is not effective. The Company suffers from low employee morale, (which is their primary problem), skill-gap, low employee involvement and performance. The Company seems to be unable to meet its human resource needs with the needs of the changing environment; as a result, it cannot satisfy either. An effective strategy can be devised through 3 key steps: Diagnosis: Conducting a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the current practice and performance to identify where improvement is required and where policies are working well. In the case of UniBank, the diagnosis stage will identify the following improvement areas: Employee job security Employee Development Employee Motivati on Employee Remuneration Employee Recruitment Employee involvement and decision making ability Aspiration: A vision of effective Human Resource practices, producing outcomes that contribute to achieving the firm’s strategic objectives. For UniBank, an aspiration outcome will be where its employees are motivated, adequately trained and positively contribute to the change to Online Banking. Developmental: A plan to progress and bring about change in the future. Uni Bank should focus on long term

The Movie Gandhi Directed by Richard Attenborough Review

The Gandhi Directed by Richard Attenborough - Movie Review Example Gandhi’s methods never promoted violence and danger; instead, he was a strong believer in passive resistance. The Indians then carried out a series of non-violent protest campaigns against the British rule, there were however, several instances where the Indians were violently hurt by law-keeping agencies that condemned the protests, in some cases there were killings too; An example of this could be the mass slaughter at Jalianwala Baagh (also known as Amritsar Massacre) where the Indian protesters were ordered to be shot by Brigadier Reginald Harry Dyer. Gradually, these protests and riots created many problems for the British who were put under a lot of pressure and could not cope with all of it considering World War 2 had taken its toll on their economy and their hold on the Indian Sub-Continent could not be financed further. The Indians gained their independence and their rights. â€Å"Human rights, it is said, are the rights to which everyone is entitled simply to being human†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Claude, Richard P, and Burns H. Weston, p52). But there were many issues and problems within the region and social structure of the region itself that had to be dealt with before peace could be properly restored. There was religious and social intolerance between the Muslims and Hindus of India, and the movie depicts this intolerance in the form of riots and violence. In light of these activities, Gandhi declared a hunger strike until the fighting stopped. Eventually, it is decided that in order to end the killings and violence and the constant threat to both Hindu and Muslim lives, the Indian Sub-Continent will have to be divided between the two majorities. This partition led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The movie shows the resentment of the Hindus on the idea of partitioning their ‘Mother India’ in the form of train massacres and capture of migrants migrating to their respective homelands. The Muslims retaliated in much the same way. Gandh i tried to restore peace between the two newborn countries and as a result, received resentment for his actions from small segments of both countries, one of them eventually reaching close enough to assassinate him. Gandhi is shown as a non-violent, disciplined man with values of leadership that allowed him to be seen as a hero and a peaceful revolutionary who believed in fighting with words rather than guns and ammunition. He is joined by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan and it’s the first president, who is also shown as a man of revolutionary instincts. Both these main characters are faced with social and military obstacles that they have to destroy in order to get what they both wanted, independence.

The Approaches to Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Approaches to Environmental Ethics - Essay Example As it tackles the natural environment, deep ecology concerns itself with all organisms – both plants and animals – within the biosphere and promotes equality, particularly in regard to the right to live of all organisms as a fundamental value. The deep ecology approaches to environmental ethics include â€Å"self realization,† â€Å"biocentrism† or â€Å"anti-anthropocentrism† as these ecologists espouse democracy in the biosphere among all organisms within (Devall etc 1995, p67). Self-realization beyond the concept of the modern Western self or for a narrow sense of individual salvation and that it supposedly has further maturity as it goes further than the egocentric cultural assumptions, values and conventional wisdom in its treatment of the environment (Devall etc 1995, p67). The main argument of the biocentric approach, meanwhile, is that â€Å"all things in the biosphere have an equal right to live and blossom and to reach their own individual forms of unfolding and self-realization within the larger Self-realization† (Devall etc 1995, p67).

The Marketing Environment Essay Example for Free

The Marketing Environment Essay The marketing environment surrounds and impacts upon the organization. There are three key elements to the marketing environment which are the internal environment, the microenvironment and the macroenvironment. Why are they important? Well marketers build both internal and external relationships. Marketers aim to deliver value to satisfied customers, so we need to assess and evaluate our internal business/corporate environment and our external environment which is subdivided into micro and macro. Internal Environment The internal environment has already been touched upon by other lessons on marketing teacher. For example, the lessons on internal marketing and also on the functions within an organization give a good starting point to look at our internal environment. A useful tool for quickly auditing your internal environment is known as the Five Ms which are Men, Money, Machinery, Materials and Markets. Here is a really quick example using British Airways. Looking internally at men, British Airways employees pilots, engineers, cabin crew, marketing managers, etc. Money is invested in the business by shareholders and banks for example. Machinery would include its aircraft but also access to air bridges and buses to ferry passengers from the terminal to the aircraft. Materials for a service business like British Airways would be aircraft fuel called kerosene (although if we were making aircraft materials would include aluminium, wiring, glass, fabric, and so on). Finally markets which we know can be both internal and external. Some might include a sixth M, which is minutes, since time is a valuable internal resource.

Role of E6AP in Malignancies and Tumorigenesis

Role of E6AP in Malignancies and Tumorigenesis INTRODUCTION Leukemia is a malignant hematological disorder characterized by proliferation of abnormal white cells that infiltrate the bone marrow, peripheral blood and other important organs. Leukemia arising from myeloid cells is known as Myeloid Leukemia which may either be chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is a complex disease caused by mutations, deregulated gene expression and epigenetic modifications leading to increased proliferation and decreased differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Several important molecular markers have been discovered in AML to better characterize patients. C/EBPÃŽ ± is an important regulator of Granulopoiesis. Several groups have reported mutations in the C/EBPÃŽ ± gene in a subset of patients with AML presenting with normal karyotypes. A significant percentage of AML patients without chromosomal translocations have demonstrated abnormalities in C/EBPÃŽ ± protein or function, suggesting that loss of transcriptional control is a common mechanism of leukemogenesis. Even in the setting of other proleukemogenic genetic abnormalities, such as the (8; 21) translocation, C/EBPÃŽ ± has been demonstrated to be aberrantly regulated, in this case by down regulation of expression. Functional alterations of C/EBPÃŽ ± in AML include mutations of the C/EBPÃŽ ± gene and deregulated expression of C/EBPÃŽ ± by chromosomal translocations. Further, post-transcriptional or post-translational suppression of C/EBPÃŽ ± has been demonstrated to be involved in hematopoietic malignancies. AML is also characterized as, a malignant disease of hematopoietic system in which cells accumulate in an undifferentiated state due to mutations that prevent their normal differentiation and allow undifferentiated cells to survive and proliferate. The molecular changes that occur in AML usually lead to either abnormal cell proliferation (FLT3 and Ras mutations) or block in differentiation (AML1/ETO, PML/RAR alpha, C/EBPalpha mutation s) or suppression of apoptosis (bcl2 overexpression). Despite of block in differentiation, native AML cells often show some morphological signs of differentiation that allow a classification into different subsets, and further differentiation may be induced by exposure to various soluble mediators, e.g., all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and several cytokines in t(15;17). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a derivative of vitamin A and it affects cellular development including haematopoiesis, in particular granulocytic differentiation. ATRA could induce a dose-dependent differentiation of HL-60 promyeloblasts to mature, functioning neutrophils. ATRA induces growth inhibition, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In APL, expression of promyelocytic leukemia protein retinoic acid receptor (PMLRARÃŽ ±) fusion protein, owing to the t (15; 17) reciprocal translocation, leads to a block in the promyelocytic stage of differentiation. E3 Ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins engaged in the regulation of protein turnover and activity through a multistep proteolytic cascade, called ubiquitination. Ubiquitination of a target protein involves 2 distinct steps: covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrates and degradation of the polyubiquitylated proteins by the 26S proteasome system. The first step is mediated by a cascade of 3 enzymes: ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) [1, 2]. Ubiquitin is a 76-amino acid polypeptide that is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. It is first activated in an ATP-dependent manner via binding to E1 through a thioester bond between a cysteine residue at the active site of E1 and the C-terminal glycine (G76) of ubiquitin. Activated ubiquitin in an E1-ubiquitin complex is then transferred to E2, which also participates in the formation of a thioester bond between its active site cy steine residue and the G76 of ubiquitin. Finally, ubiquitin is covalently attached to the target protein through an is opeptide bond between the G76 of ubiquitin and the ÃŽ µ-amino group of an internal lysine residue of the target protein, in a reaction catalyzed by E3 ligase. Subsequent to the linkage of ubiquitin to the target protein, a polyubiquitin chain is formed in which the C-terminus of each ubiquitin moiety is linked to a specific lysine residue (most commonly Lys48) of the previous ubiquitin to form K48-linked polyubiquitylated conjugates which are rapidly recognized by the 19S regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome and degraded by the 20S core particle [1-3]. There are approximately 600 E3 ligases in the human genome that can be classified into 3 major types the N-end rule ubiquitin ligases; HECT-type; and the RING-type, on the basis of domain structure and substrate recognition[1]. The N-end rule ubiquitin E3 ligases target protein substrates bearing specific destabilizing N-terminal residues, including Arg, Lys, His (type I) and Phe, Trp, Leu, Tyr, Ile (type II)[1]. The second type HECT (homology to E6AP C-Terminus) E3-ubiquitin protein ligases, found from yeast to humans range in size from 80kDa to more than 500kDa. They are characterised by the HECT domain, a C-terminal region of approximately 350 amino acids in length with significant similarity to C-terminus of E6AP. Unlike RING E3s which act as scaffolds facilitating interaction between E2s and substrates, HECT E3 ligases form an intermediate thioester bond with the ubiquitin C-terminus through an evolutionarily conserved cysteine residue before catalyzing substrate ubiquitination. Hence, HECT E3s play a direct catalytic role in the final attachment of ubiquitin moieties to target proteins. The N-terminus is highly variable and may be involved in substrate recognition. On the basis of distinct amino acid sequence motifs within the N-terminus, human HECT E3s can be classified into 3 sub-families: HECT E3s with RLDs (RCC1-like domains, termed as HERC (HECT and RCC-1like domain E3s), HECT E3s with WW domains (called Nedd4/Nedd4- like E3s), and HECT E3s that neither contain RLDs nor WW domains (called SI(ngle)- HECT E3s). E6AP, the prototype of HECT E3 family belongs to the third sub-family of HECT E3 ligases [3-5]. The third and the largest type of E3 ligase is the RING (Really Interesting New Gene) family. RING-based E3 ligases are specified by over 600 human genes surpassing 518 protein kinase genes. These are characterised by a classic C3H2C3 or C3HC4 RING finger domain with a characteristic linear sequence Cys-X2-Cys-X9-39-Cys-X1-3-His-X2-3-Cys/His-X2-Cys-X4-48-Cys-X2-Cys, where X can be any amino acid. The RING domain provides a docking site for the E2 enzyme, which mediate transfer of ubiquitin to the substrate, facilitating assembly of mono- or polyubiquitylated conjugates via different lysine residues of ubiquitin. The resulting modifications have a diverse range of biological functions, from proteasome-dependent proteolysis (Lys48- and Lys 11-linked polyubiquitin) to post-translational regulation of protein function, structure, assembly, and/or localization (Lys 63 and other linkages)[1, 6]. E3 ligases can also be classified into single subunit E3s (e.g. Mdm2, Cbl) and multi-subunit complexes (APC, SCF). E3 enzymes bind their target substrates through various protein-protein interaction domains (e.g. WD 40 repeats). However, for substrate recognition post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or proteolytic cleavage are required[7]. The modified motif in the substrate is called degron. There are many different types of degrons (e.g. phosphodegron, PEST). Once modified, a degron in a substrate might be recognized by a specific E3 ligase, which forms the basis for its subsequent ubiquitination[8]. Through ubiquitin-mediated covalent modification of diverse range of cellular proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate several cellular functions or biological processes such as cell cycle progression, Oncogenesis, signal transduction, transcription regulation, DNA repair, endocytois, transport and development via proteolytic or non-proteolytic mechanisms [2, 9]. A direct molecular link between cell-cycle control, Oncogenesis and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity was supported by several clinical findings and wealth of experimental data on E6AP, SKP2 and FBW7, Nedd 4-1, Pirh2, CDC20, CDH1 and also on other E3 ligases [3, 10, 11]. Understanding the physiological role of E6-AP, the founding member of the HECT E3 family, is of interest because inactivation of UBE3A gene encoding E6AP has been associated with Angelman Syndrome, a hereditary neurological disorder. Moreover, in the case of cervical cancer, the E6/E6-AP complex not only targets p53 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, but also targets other proteins, which is necessary for HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis[12]. E6-AP forms a stable complex with the adaptor protein E6. The dimeric complex binds to and targets p53 for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, thus eventually interfering with the negative growth regulating activities of this tumor suppressor protein [13-15]. In addition, the expression of E6-AP protein is decreased in human invasive breast and prostate cancers compared with their adjacent normal tissues. This down-regulation of E6-AP is accompanied by the elevation of ER in breast and AR in prostate carcinomas[16]. Furthermore, in vivo data fro m E6-AP-knockout animals indicated that the expression levels of ER and AR are increased in E6-AP-null mammary and prostate glands, respectively, when compared with that of normal control animals, suggesting that E6-AP modulates the protein levels of ER in breast and AR in prostate glands [17]. E6AP, a 100-kDa cellular protein is a member of functionally related E3-ubiquitin-protein ligases defined by the domain homologous to the carboxy terminus hect domain.20 E3 ligases ubiquitinate and degrade several regulatory proteins including p53, p27, promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid receptor ÃŽ ± and others, which serve as tumor suppressors and cell-cycle inhibitors. E6AP promotes C/EBPÃŽ ± ubiquitination leading to its proteasome-mediated degradation and thus functional inactivation. E6AP negatively regulate Granulopoiesis by targeting C/EBPÃŽ ± for degradation via ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Promyelocytic leukemia tumor suppressor (PML) has been recently identified as a target of catalytically active form of E6AP. PML tumor suppressor is essential for the formation of PML nuclear bodies. Recent studies have implicated role of PML and PML nuclear bodies in the regulation of growth inhibition, senescence and apoptosis. PML is down regulated in multiple human cancers and experimental data has correlated reduced PML activity and expression to E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of E6AP, regulating protein turnover and activity[18]. Recently, Annexin I involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation, regulation of cell differentiation, anti-inflammatory effects, cell death signalling, carcinogenesis has been identified as a novel target of E6AP in addition to classical substrates, including p53 tumor suppressor, PDZ domain-containing protein scribble, a transcriptional repressor of the gene encoding hTERT[19]. In addition, studies have also implicated the role of E6AP ubiquitin ligase activity in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Peroxiredoxin1 and presumably open avenues to investigate the functional link between lack of E6AP expression and stability of Peroxiredoxin 1with regard to the pathogenesis of Angelman syndrome[20]. p53 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by mdm2 which is a p53 target gene containing E3 ubiquitin ligase activity[21]. While mdm2 targets p53 for degradation, mdm2 is self -ubiquitinated and degraded. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf/cip, another p53 target gene, is degraded by proteasome and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) mediated phosphorylation [22]. Rb (Retinoblastoma) protein is a tumor suppressor and negatively regulates G1/S transition by interacting with E2F transcription factor. Rb protein is degraded in an ubiquitin dependent manner [23]. In addition, free E2F is also degraded in ubiquitin dependent manner by the 26S proteasome. Thus, collectively HECT domain containing E3 ligases are important for homeostasis of protein levels and defects in their function may lead to various diseases including cancer. Thus, wealth of experimental data and clinical findings identifying many substrates targeted by E3 ubiquitin ligases, indicate that the deregulation of Ubiquitin proteasome system in cell cycle control is tightly linked to malignancies and tumorigenesis. Due to the above relevance and role of E6AP in malignancies and tumorigenesis The project is based on the expression, purification and validation of GST tagged protein that is GST- E6AP. The current study includes Cell culture: HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. HL-60 cells treated with 1uM ATRA for 0,24 and 48 hours. GST- E6AP Protein expression and purification: GST-E6AP Pull down: Objectives: 1) Expression of GST and GST-E6AP plasmids in BL21 strain of E.Coli 2) Purification of GST and GST-E6AP proteins from BL21 strain of E.Coli 3) Validation of expression through western blotting 4) To detect GST-E6AP protein interaction with whole cell lysates of HL-60 cells treated with 1ÃŽ ¼M ATRA for 0, 24 and 48 hrs GOMTI NAGAR EXTENSION, LUCKNOW